Alfred Stieglitz Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Alfred Stieglitz Works Cited Missing Alfred Stieglitz was a powerful picture taker who went through his time on earth battling for the acknowledgment of photography as a substantial fine art. He was a spearheading picture taker, supervisor and exhibition proprietor who assumed vital job in characterizing and molding innovation in the United States. (Lowe 23). He took pictures in when photography was considered as just a logical interest and not a workmanship. As the contention over the workmanship estimation of photography got across the board, Stieglitz started to battle for the acknowledgment of his picked medium. This fight would last as long as he can remember. Edward Stieglitz, father of Alfred, was conceived in Germany in 1833. He experienced childhood with a homestead, cherished nature, and was a craftsman on a fundamental level. Legend has it that, autonomous and solid willed, Edward Stieglitz fled from home at sixteen years old since his mom demanded after treating his shirt after he had implored her not to (Lowe 23). Edward would later meet Hedwig Warner and they would have their first child, Alfred. Alfred was the first of six destined to his father Edward and mother Hedwig. As a kid Alfred was recognized as a kid with thick dark hair, huge dull eyes, pale fine skin, a carefully displayed mouth with a solid jaw (Peterson 34). In 1871 the Stieglitz family inhabited 14 East 60th road in Manhattan. No structures stood between Central Park and the Stieglitz family home. As Stieglitz got more established he began to show enthusiasm for photography, posting each photograph he could find on his room divider. It wasn't until he got more seasoned that his photography interest start to assume responsibility for his life. Stieglitz officially began photography at nineteen years old, during his first a long time at the Berlin Polytechnic School. As of now photography was in its outset as an artistic expression. Alfred took in the expressive arts of photography by viewing a nearby picture taker in Berlin working in the store's dim room. In the wake of making a couple of photos of his room and himself, he took a crack at a photochemistry course. This is the place his photography profession would start. His soonest open acknowledgment originated from England and Germany. It started in 1887 when Stieglitz won the first of his numerous first prizes in an opposition. The adjudicator who gave him the honor was Dr. P.H. Emerson, at that point the most broadly referred to English backer of photography as a craftsmanship (Doty 23). Dr. Emerson later wrot... ...raphers. When the new century rolled over, another class of inventive people, called painter- picture taker rose. This gathering satisfied Stieglitz' s dream for pictorial photography. Its essence gave the development people who were prepared in the built up expressions and who legitimized the aesthetic cases of pictorial photography by the way that they were willing to utilize the photographic medium. The very term painter picture taker was made up concerning Frank Eugene who worked all the while with Stieglitz in media for 10 years. Eugene went to a German expressive arts foundation, and painted showy pictures of the United States. In 1889 he mounted an independent presentation of pictorial photos at the Camera Club of New York, which, distinctly, was surveyed in Camera Notes as painting photography (Norman 23). All in all Stieglitz's battle for photography formed into new thoughts for people in the future. He kept on making his own analyses and to safeguard crafted by others likewise kicking off something new. The magazines he altered, similar to the exhibitions he established, quickly became dynamic purposes of contact among craftsman and open and a battleground for new thoughts.

The Millers Tale Essay Example For Students

The Millers Tale Essay The Millers Tale is ostensibly Chaucers best work of amusingness and it finds some kind of harmony among indecency and foulness. The setting of the Millers Tale is conventional and in this manner we identify with it and isn't amusing. The subtleties offer verisimilitude to the story. Be that as it may, the principle parts of amusingness in The Millers Tale are the four characters and how they respond with one another. First John, the woodworker. He is an extremely cliché craftsman in those occasions who weds a young lady for her excellence so she can share his wealth. He is rich however inept and his ineptitude and naïveté gives the opportunity to the primary handy joke of the story to happen. John can be contrasted and the Miller a case of Johns ineptitude which makes the story amusing is on line 119 He knew nat Catoun, for his mind was impolite this lets us know legitimately that he was inconsiderate. He is likewise truly naïve which additionally carries diversion to the story. We will compose a custom article on The Millers Tale explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We can see this in the manner that he trusts Nicholas about the flood and assembles the pontoon in the rooftop (another moronic activity on the grounds that the rooftop is an inept spot to fabricate a vessel!) and how he is totally unmindful of what Alison and Nicholas are doing while he is in the rooftop constructing the pontoon. Another case of Johns ineptitude is that as opposed to attempting to get some answers concerning Nicholas and Alison, he attempts to help Nicholas since he is turning out to be worried that he invests all his energy in his room which is amusing on the grounds that Nicholas is really plotting an approach to win Alison (Johns spouse) over. On line 354 John really feels frustrated about Nicholas Me reweth soore of hende Nicholas. This persuades us regarding his guilelessness further. Supposedly on, John gets more idiotic as he is the key individual in Nicholass plot. We discover Johns jokes more amusing in light of the fact that we never get an opportunity to identify with him; on the off chance that we did, at that point we probably won't discover the way that the entire plot spins around Alison leaving him and the end part when he is freely scorned for being frantic as entertaining in light of the fact that we would feel frustrated about him as well. A character who totally appears differently in relation to John and who is behind the fundamental humorous plot of the story is the researcher, Nicholas. Nicholas is exceptionally shrewd. He should be a good researcher who contemplates crystal gazing yet he isnt he is rough and an average case of British cleverness. A case of this is when Absolon comes to Alisons window to charm her and Nicholas pulls a prank on him. We would anticipate that Nicholas should accomplish something privileged yet he doesnt. As it says on line 698 This Nicholas anon leet fle a fart Nicholas is extremely unrefined and not at all like how he should be. The exercise with Nicholass character is dont judge by appearance. We anticipate that him should be a cliché researcher however he isnt. Nicholas is a key individual in the joke of Courtly Love in the story. He isn't really a subject yet he has a large number of the characteristics for it. He has strength and in this manner roughness which we wouldnt anticipate from a researcher. We can see a case of this on line 168 And prively he caughte recruit by the queynte. This implies he snatched Alison by the thighs and that is exceptionally abnormal which shows intensity. This makes him a hilarious character since he is so un cliché that it is amusing. He is additionally a urgent character since he thought of the fundamental amusing plot. .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5 , .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5 .postImageUrl , .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5 , .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5:hover , .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5:visited , .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5:active { border:0!important; } .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5:active , .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u309dc5492f08f6 beb15a8e42ff9b3de5 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u309dc5492f08f6beb15a8e42ff9b3de5:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Bean Trees By Kingsolver EssayThe character which the three men are battling for is Alison. The delightful spouse of John the Carpenter. The portrayal of her in lines 125 to 162 is exceptionally point by point. It says that she is therwithal (lovely), yonge (youthful), hir mouth was sweet as bragot or the meeth (pleasantly spoken) ful more brilliant was the shynyng of hir hewe (more brilliant then another coin) From her portrayal by the mill operator who is a lot of like the craftsman (her better half), we would believe that Alison was a type of a goddess yet she is really a nation vixen. Like Nicholas, she is additionally one who ought to be more similar to her depiction and like a cliché rich keeps an eye on little girl who has had a decent childhood yet she is the direct inverse of that. She is normal and rough. We can see a case of Alisons roughness on line 624 And at the wyndow out she putte hir opening. Which implies that she put her bum out of the window for Absolon to kiss rather than her face and that isn't something that somebody like Alison should be would do. She at that point gives us how frightful she is by then snickering at him. Alison likewise adds to the Mock Courtliness in the story. At the point when she dismisses Nicholas just because, she responds in an over overstated sensational way precisely like elegant sweethearts do on lines 176 to 178 I wol nat kisse thee, by my fey! Why, lat be! quod she. Lat be Nicholas, Or I wol crie out, harrow and allas! Alison carries amusingness to the story by being the lady in the center that everybody cherishes and she likewise has a major influence in Nicholass plot. The last character and accordingly the most clever character in A Millers Tale is Absolon. Absolon is the direct inverse of the Carpenter and Miller. He is a key individual in the joke of Courtly Love in the Millers Tale. Absolon is the one admirer that attempts to charm Alison that has a conventional sentimental demeanor to pursuing. He is the casualty of Alisons disdain (on line 600 Go fro the wyndow, Jakke fool) and gets just one kiss which he understands isn't what it shows up (on line 626 But with his mouth he kiste hir exposed ers). Absolons sentimental gestures cause him to seem silly. The Miller mockingly notes on how Absolon brushed his wavy fair hair to set himself up for Alison, a farce of elegant love and sentiment and the mill operator and the woodworker have no utilization for it.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 3rd, 2018

Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 3rd, 2018 Sponsored by After the Fire by Will Hill Todays Featured Deals The Fifth Season by N.K. Jemisin for $2.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Bruja Born by Zoraida Córdova  for $3.49.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Plenty by Yotam Ottolenghi for $2.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals Buttermilk Graffiti by Edward Lee for $2.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Saga Volume 1 by Brian Vaughan and Fiona Staples for $3.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Previous daily deals that are still active (as of this writing at least). Get em while theyre hot. Truly Madly Guilty by Liane Moriarty for $3.99 The Book Thief by Markus Zusak for $2.99 The Leavers by Lisa Ko for $3.99 Magpie Murders by Anthony Horowitz for $2.99 Prime Meridian by Silvia Moreno-Garcia for $0.99 Anne Of Green Gables Collection by Lucy Maud Montgomery for $0.99 Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches by Audre Lorde for $1.99 White Trash by Nancy Isenberg for $1.99 Swing Time by Zadie Smith for $1.99 Strangers in Their Own Land by Arlie Russell Hochschild for $2.99 Crooked Letter, Crooked Letter by Tom Franklin for $1.99 Unmasked by the Marquess by Cat Sebastian for $0.99 The Left Hand of Darkness by Ursula K. Le Guin for $1.99 Behold the Dreamers by Imbolo Mbue for $2.99 Gods, Monsters, and the Lucky Peach by Kelly Robson for $3.99 Jade City by Fonda Lee for $2.99 The Bone Clocks by David Mitchell for $2.99 Undeniable by Bill Nye for $2.99 Ida: A Sword Among Lions by Paula J. Giddings for $2.99 Off Base by Annabeth Albert for $1.99 Among the Mad by Jacqueline Winspear for $3.99 The Princess Bride by William Goldman for $3.49 Smoke and Pickles by Edward Lee for $2.99 Will It Waffle?: 53 Irresistible and Unexpected Recipes to Make in a Waffle Iron by Daniel Shumski for $1.99 Servant of the Underworld (Obsidian and Blood Book 1) by Aliette de Bodard for $0.99 The Girl of Fire and Thorns by Rae Carson for $3.99 The Ballad of Black Tom by Victor LaValle for $3.99 The Missing File by D. A. Mishani for $1.99 The Storytellers Secret by Sejal Badani for $4.99 Dragonflight: Volume I in The Dragonriders of Pern by Anne McCaffrey for $2.99 The Traitor Baru Cormorant by Seth Dickinson for $2.99 A Curious Beginning by Deanna Raybourn for $2.99 The Inexplicable Logic of My Life by Benjamin Alire Sáenz for $2.99 Lady Bridgets Diary by Maya Rodale for $1.99 Infomocracy by Malka Older for $2.99 The Witchs Daughter by Paula Brackston for $2.99 Let the Right One In by John Ajvide Lindqvist for $2.99 No One Is Coming to Save Us by Stephanie Powell Watts for $1.99 The City of Brass by S. A. Chakraborty for $1.99 Mules and Men by Zora Neale Hurston for $1.99 I Contain Multitudes by Ed Yong for $2.99 A Gentlemans Position by KJ Charles for $4.99 American Street by Ibi Zoboi for $1.99 Carve the Mark by Veronia Roth for $1.99 The Gentlemans Guide to Vice and Virtue by Mackenzi Lee for $1.99 The Black Gods Drums by P. Djèlí Clark for $3.99 George by Alex Gino for $3.99 The Meg by Steve Alten for $4.99 Happy Dreams by Jia Pingwa, translated by Nicky Harman for $3.99 My Soul to Keep (African Immortals series) by Tananarive Due for $3.99 Strange Practice (A Dr. Greta Helsing Novel) by Vivian Shaw for $2.99 The Duchess Deal: Girl Meets Duke by Tessa Dare for $1.99 Trail of Broken Wings by Sejal Badani for $4.49 The Son of the Dawn by Cassandra Clare and Sarah Rees Brennan for $1.49 Destinys Captive by Beverly Jenkins for $1.99 Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout for $2.99 The Black Tides of Heaven by JY Yang for $3.99 Howls Moving Castle by Diana Wynne Jones for $3.99 Binti, Binti: Home, and Binti: The Night Masquerade by Nnedi Okorafor for $3.99 A Rogue By Any Other Name by Sarah MacLean for $1.99 Half-Resurrection Blues by Daniel José Older for $2.99 His Majesty’s Dragon by Naomi Novik for $2.99 Assassin’s Apprentice (The Farseer Trilogy, Book 1) by Robin Hobb for $2.99 Outlander: A Novel (Outlander, Book 1) by Diana Gabaldon for $3.99 The Invisible Library by Genevieve Cogman for $2.99 The Ruin of a Rake by Cat Sebastian for $2.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

St. Pauls Cathedral in London - 1284 Words

St. Pauls Cathedral in London is the seat of the Bishop of London and a major London landmark. It is located on Ludgate Hill in the financial district known as the City of London. The present St. Pauls Cathedral, which was built between 1675 and 1710, is the fourth cathedral to occupy the site, which was sacred even before Christianity arrived. The cathedrals immediate predecessor was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666. The cathedral enjoyed by visitors today was designed by court architect Sir Christopher Wren. Wrens original, grander plan met with considerable resistance from the conservative Dean and Chapter. The present building reflects a compromise, but still reflects the grandeur of Wrens design. History†¦show more content†¦Michael and St. George is across from St. Dunstans on the right side (south aisle). This was originally the consistory court - the place where the bishop sat in judgment over the clergy, or priests. It was used as a studio for the construction of Wellingtons monument between 1858 and 1878. Crypt St. Pauls substantial cathedral crypt contains over 200 memorials as well as another chapel and the treasury. Members of the royal family are buried in Westminster Abbey, but many other notable figures are buried in St. Pauls Cathedral crypt, such as Florence Nightengale and Lord Nelson. Sir Christopher Wren, the architect of the cathedral, was fittingly the first person to be buried here, in 1723. The inscription on his burial slab states, Reader, if you seek his memorial, look all around you. Look for Wrens tomb all the way to the east end of the crypt, under the altar. Dome and Galleries The inside of the dome is decorated with frescos by Sir James Thornhill, the most important painter of Wrens time. The dome contains three circular galleries - the internal Whispering Gallery, the external Stone Gallery and the external Golden Gallery. The Whispering Gallery derives its name from its unusual acoustics, which cause whispers to echo around the dome. Choir The choir extends to the east end of the dome. It is home to the cathedrals great organ, which was ommissioned in 1694. The current instrument is the thirdShow MoreRelated St. Pauls Cathedral in London, England Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pages St. Paul’s Cathedral, in London, England, was designed by architect Sir Christopher Wren. Approval of this most significant architectural project took six years just for the plan. Construction, which began in 1675, took thirty-five years until finally complete in 1710. It was built to replace a church that had been leveled by the Great Fire of 1666. St. Pauls is the largest cathedral in England, and said to be Wrens masterpiece. He brought a range of new forms, and architectural combination intoRead MoreSt. Paul s Cathedral1104 Words   |  5 PagesSt. Paul’s Cathedral is an English Baroque styled cathedral dedicated to Paul of Apostle and the second cathedral to be built on the same site, first being Old St. Paul’s Cathedral which was also dedicated to Paul of Apostle. It is located in the City of London, England. The Fourth St. Paul’s, more commonly known as Old St. Paul’s Cathedral, was built by the Normans in 1087. The Normans, who in recent times had just conquered Britain, and were determined to build the largest Christian church inRead MoreDiscussing Christopher Wren s Cathedral1842 Words   |  8 PagesHUM 102-301 10/15/16 Research paper St. Paul Cathedral Introduction: This semester my paper will be discussing Christopher Wren’s building â€Å"St. Paul’s Cathedral†, and why St. Paul’s Cathedral is considered to be the most important and famous masterpiece of England’s architecture? The St. Paul Cathedral of Sir Christopher Wren was chosen because it is famously interpreted in the baroque style in England, and dominated English architecture. St. Paul’s cathedral is one of the most famous importantRead MoreEssay about Christopher Wren’s Designs for St. Paul’s Cathedral1735 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyse the evolution of Christopher Wren’s designs for St. Paul’s Cathedral. From as early as before the Great Fire of London, Christopher Wren was involved in architectural projects for St. Paul’s cathedral. The evolution of his designs for the new St Paul’s began with his ideas for the old; the evolution of his designs were a process of both creation and reinvention. Starting with the vision he never lost - of the London skyline marked by a grand dome landmark - he endured the problems of buildingRead MoreSt. Pauls Cathedral: Sir Christopher Wren Essay1802 Words   |  8 PagesSt. Pauls Cathedral St. Pauls Cathedral has had a very interesting and long history. It involves natural disasters, sabotage, invasions, lies, and deception. It has been through a lot over the many years of its existence, including several reconstructions. While there has been many changes to it, the one thing that could be counted on was the fact that there was always something unexpected happening to it. Even though St. Pauls Cathedral has had some hard times, it has re-bounded with theRead More The Blitz and St Pauls Cathedral Essay4122 Words   |  17 PagesBlitz and St Pauls Cathedral When the Blitz began over Britain in the fall of 1940, Londoners were frightened and unsure of what the Nazis had in store for them. However, their uneasy emotions would later change into feelings of nationalistic pride and perseverance, as London became a city full of active resistors to the Nazi forces. This change would be prompted from a variety of sources, including Winston Churchill, the media, as well as the emergence of inspirational symbols. St. Pauls CathedralRead MoreThe London Off Of A Global Movement896 Words   |  4 PagesOn October 15, 2011, Occupy London included almost three thousand people gathered outside of the St Paul’s Cathedral. This paper will address how the London off shoot of a global movement, Occupy London (OL), addressed social and economic inequality within England. It will also discuss how OL has tried to revolutionize the social and economic inequality. Then, the paper will address an overall evaluation of the movement as a whole. The paper w ill argue that Occupy London is a part of a successful movementRead MoreReflection Of English Literature : My Experience Of British Literature1031 Words   |  5 PagesI traveled to London in November of 2016. On that trip, everything I had learned about British literature, as well as England as a country, was placed into my life, outside of the classroom. I saw the Sutton Hoo Treasures in the British Museum, the burial place of Geoffrey Chaucer at Westminster Abbey, and stepped foot into St. Paul’s Cathedral where John Donne served as Dean. Although at first, I thought English IV was going to be another bland English course, on my trip to London I learned theRead MoreOccupy London Stock Exchange and the European Convention on Human Rights1255 Words   |  6 PagesOn the 15th and 16th day of October 2011, some protestors, led by Tammy Samende and having George Barda and Daniel Ashman, among others, pitched a protest camp in St Paul’s Churchyard. The protesters set up between 150 and 200 tents in the churchyard, with some tents serving as accommodation for the protestors. Other tents were allocated different activities including setting up temporary first aid centres, a learning centre, named Tent City University, and a children’s place. The tents occupiedRead MoreSt. Paul s Cathedral1757 Words   |  8 PagesLondon is a city that is steeped in rich history and has many cultural influences that have affected everything from the way that Londoners speak down to the architecture. One of the most influential buildings in this time is one that dominated the London skyline as a reference point for 300 years up until the 1960’s, and that is Wren’s St. Paul’s Cathedral. This building has been recorded to be in existence on its site as early as the 604, but it could have been around as early as the 400’s. St

The Italian Kingdom Of Sicily - 1363 Words

The year is 1375 and the setting is the Italian Kingdom of Sicily. The Medieval era is drawing to a close. In addition, I am literate and study the writings of great religious thinkers that influence the world today. The late Medieval period witnessed the rise of the religious movement which was lead by Thomas Aquinas who invented the Thomistic way of thought which was based around Medieval scholasticism. He revolutionized the catholic church beginning in 1245 when he moved to Paris and studied under Albertus the Great. I am a monk who studies in a monastery similar to one that Thomas Aquinas studied in his earlier years. I, like Aquinas, was originally a Benedictine monk who realized the wrongs associated with living an opulent lifestyle†¦show more content†¦His mindset was based around the fact that there is another dimension that contains the perfect form of everything. This mindset is very difficult to understand and â€Å"see† because it involves a lot of conceptualization which is hard to prove correct or incorrect (Journal Class 2). This is why I, like Thomas Aquinas try to see the world through a realistic lens created by Aristotle. Aristotle studied under Plato at his school but disagreed with his theory of forms when he said that â€Å"Knowledge is through sensory perceptions† (Thomas Aquinas Youtube). He believed that we know things because we experience them (Journal Class 3). This concept is much easier to understand and is typically a more practical view of the w orld around us. Thomas Aquinas build off of this idea when he said that â€Å"Grace perfects nature.† I have been studying the phrase by Thomas Aquinas that â€Å"Grace perfects nature† and have come to the conclusion that nature is the world around us that we feel and experience things like Aristotle said that we do and Grace is the power of God, which is all around us. The Thomistic way of thought claims that we can use our experiences in life to prove Gods existence. The laws of nature help to support God and the power that he provides (Tarnas: The Quest of Thomas Aquinas). Thomas Aquinas likes categories like Aristotle and divided our thoughts into two distinct categories, Preambles and Mysteries. Preambles are known by nature and past

An Effective Strategy Negotiation Free Essays

Crouching behind a tight cordon of panda cars, the weather-beaten SWAT team leader, complete with cap, bulletproof vest and loud-hailer, looks up to the third-floor window, clears his throat, and announces: ‘You might as well give yourself up, Kowalski, we’ve got the place surrounded. ‘ His craggy face is bathed in the soft amber glow of the street light and a small bead of sweat moves slowly down his temple. Kowalski, a wily old stager with deep pockmarks and a broken nose, is having none of it. We will write a custom essay sample on An Effective Strategy Negotiation or any similar topic only for you Order Now After all, he has the (rather attractive blonde) hostage securely tied up and there happens to be a fridge full of beer in the office he’s holed up in. So it’s a complete stalemate. Kowalski and his nemesis are simply going to have to start negotiating. In this case, negotiation is more likely to be resolved in a bloody shoot-out. In the workplace, of course, negotiations generally don’t tend to be conducted under such tense or dangerous circumstances. They do, however, take place on a daily, even hourly, basis. In fact, they have become such a regular and ingrained part of working life that participants can readily enter into them without even realising that’s what they’re doing. Before we proceed, it is probably worth defining our terms, or at least borrowing a definition from personnel consultant Alan Fowler’s book, Negotiating, Persuading and Influencing. Fowler explains that ‘negotiation occurs whenever there is an issue that cannot be resolved by one person acting alone; it occurs when the two (or more) people who have to be involved begin with different views on how to proceed, or have different aims for the outcome. There are two situations in which negotiation does not or cannot occur: when one of the persons immediately agrees to what the Other is asking or suggesting; and when one of the two adamantly refuses to even discuss the matter. ‘ You can see that the term covers a multitude of scenarios, from the widely reported collective pay-bargaining conducted by union officials and management representatives, to the more mundane business of negotiating a lease on a property or a supplier’s contract. Negotiation is also a key component in inter-office relationships, in instances where managers have no linear authority over a particular colleague but need to persuade them to perform a specific task. Here, the negotiation is a tacit IOU- you’ve done me a favour, so I’ll return it at a later date when you might need it. ‘Managers are doing it all the time,’ confirms Roger Moores, an associate of the Industrial Society, who runs courses in negotiation and associated skills. ‘I usually start my courses by asking how many of the people there are negotiators. Not many hands go up but, by the end of the session, they realise they do it all the time. We use the language of negotiation all the time too. It’s a language that even children understand, based on the words â€Å"if† and â€Å"then†. â€Å"If you do this for me, then I’ll do that. † In theory, it’s all wonderfully simple. ‘ Scores of self-help and how-to books have been written on the subject but the theorists by and large fall into two camps. There are experts, such as authors Fowler and Gavin Kennedy, who look at negotiation as a stage-by-stage process, comprising preparation, discussion, proposal, bargaining and finally closing. And then there’s the American model, epitomised by the seminal text, Getting to Yes by William Ury, which is more focused on personal relations within the workplace. As Moores rightly points out, the two approaches are by no means mutually exclusive. Though representative bodies such as the Institute of Personnel and Development and the Industrial Society offer dedicated courses on negotiation skills, the majority of managers in small to medium-sized businesses don’t have the time or inclination to attend them. A few common-sense pointers, however, go a long way. The first is to recognise when it is actually appropriate to negotiate. ‘If managers negotiated everything, there wouldn’t be time to do anything,’ reasons Moores. â€Å"There are occasions when orders and dictatorship are required too. ‘ If a matter or issue is definitely worth negotiating, the next step is toassess its merits and how much time you can afford to devote to it. According to all the various pundits, the key to successful negotiation is all in the preparation. They insist that skills and techniques are generally acquired through practice and experience, and that preparatory work and patience will generally stand you in better stead than the gift of the gab or an aggressive stance. There is no point walking into an important negotiation session hoping to wing it. ‘Some people are naturally better [at negotiating] than others,’ says Fowler. ‘It requires a certain amount of quick thinking and ability to respond quickly. You also need the confidence to be able to say â€Å"Look, you’ve raised something new. Can we adjourn this meeting and continue tomorrow, by which time I’ll have been able to gather my thoughts? † It’s important to know your own style and be comfortable with it. If you’re stepping too far outside of yourself, you can end up seeming artificial. ‘ Yet Chris Grice, an assistant director of ACAS, the conciliation and arbitration service which has dragged countless industrial relations negotiations back from the brink, believes negotiation skills are more about nurture than nature. ‘There’s a question as to whether negotiating is an art or a science,’ he says. You can be taught good negotiation, so I’d say it’s a science†¦ Being taught how to mix colours doesn’t make you an artist. You can learn about negotiation strategy, how to read a situation, when the tune is right to confront an issue and when to apply a variety of different processes. Preparation is an often neglected area. If you’re negotiating about pay, for example, you should be aware of the going rate, affordability and any other interested parties before you go in. You need to be able to anticipate the other party’s moves. ‘ While Grice admits that some of the negotiations he is called in to rbitrate are conducted in what he – with admirable understatement – describes as an ‘adversarial atmosphere’ (potentially explosive in other words), he reckons that overall he has witnessed as much civility as hostility. This, he believes, is because most of the participants at this level of negotiation tend to be astute practitioners, who realise that prickliness and emotional involvement will only hamper their efforts. ‘Some of the best negotiators are mild-mannered but persuasive people,’ says Grice. ‘They know exactly where they want to be and realise they can get there in a civilised manner. After all, you’ve got more in your toolbox than a hammer. ‘ One problem often leads to another. A manager may feel it necessary to cut overtime. The employees are unhappy and threaten industrial action but the manager should avoid the immediate reaction to sack the ringleader. By doing so, the manager would have two problems to cope with instead of one. It is important to keep one topic in focus at a time. An ‘easy does it’ ethos is especially important in small to medium-sized businesses, which rely on establishing and maintaining an ongoing network of reliable suppliers and subcontractors. If parties leave a negotiation feeling hard done by, the relationship is unlikely to be sustainable for any length of time. ‘The main point is to make the person you’re negotiating with think that they have achieved the best deal possible,’ says Frank Kings, managing director of Sovereign Contracts, a Midlands-based shop-fitting concern, whose clients include IBM, SmithKline Beecham and Warwick University. ‘I’m always looking for repeat business, so negotiation is as much about building a long-term relationship as striking the best deal at that particular moment. One should always try to take a longer-term view. ‘ Susan Croft, a trainer at the Aziz Corporation, which specialises in spoken-communication skills training for business, shares Kings’ views. Negotiations, she maintains, are not necessarily confrontational, just a necessary means of ensuring that two or more parties are satisfied with their lot. ‘In a â€Å"win-lose† situation, you may have won the battle but not the long-term war,’ Croft says. ‘You don’t want the person you’re negotiating with to be checking for their arms and legs on the way out. ‘ A degree of emotional detachment is a must. Losing your cool may mean losing the thread and the advantage. Concentration is also essential. The best negotiators are good listeners and observers too. By keeping your eyes and ears open, you can pick up valuable clues as to where the other side is prepared to compromise or where there are flaws in their argument, which you can exploit later. If you are so utterly determined to put across your own points, you may not hear what the other side is saying. Their position may have changed and your initial standpoint may no longer be relevant or valid. Similarly, the other party should not be given too many hints. It is worth keeping your cards close to your chest in a negotiation. Don’t give away more information than you have to. Release nuggets sporadically and tactically when you feel they will make the most impact. Be aware of your body language because you might be revealing more than you think through your movements and mannerisms. If you look hard enough and think laterally, there are usually ways and means of clinching a mutually beneficial deal through negotiation. Phil Jones, managing director of Real Time, the London-based interactive design studio, recalls two recent instances where new clients wanted to launch internet web sites but didn’t have the requisite budgets. They were the type of high-profile clients and creatively challenging projects that Real Time was keen to get involved in, however. ‘If it’s a job you really want to do, you can always find a way of doing it,’ maintains Jones. The first was for the Formula 1 motor-racing team, Williams Motorsport: ‘They made the balance up in contra deals, mainly in tickets to some of the major Formula 1 meetings. ‘ The tickets are like gold dust, of course, and can be used as a pat on the back for staff, or as an opportunity to pamper existing clients or woo new ones. Diesel, the Italian clothing manufacturer, which is quietly stealing a march on its rivals in the UK jeans market, approached Real Time towards the end of the financial year, when its promotional budget was running perilously low. Real Time managed to negotiate further projects the following year for completing the initial job an e-commerce site that allows ordering of clothes over the internet – at a cut-price rate. Every job is like that. You have to be flexible to get the business,’ says Jones. Indeed, he is currently negotiating a deal with the Football Association for an e-commerce web site dedicated to the UK bid for the 2006 World Cup. Real Time was responsible for the bid’s logo and original web site. ‘The FA have a limited budget to spend across a range of media, so I’m talking to them about perhaps receiving a percentage of what’s sold from the new site,’ he explains. ‘That’s really putting your money where your mouth is. ‘ Negotiation, then, is primarily about effective communication. Communicating what you want and what you have to offer, and then marrying that up with another party’s requirements. A bit of imagination, flexibility and a well-considered strategy can go along way to meeting these ends. It is also worth remembering that how you put it is often as important as what you’re actually saying. ‘You should always try to express things in ways the other parties find palatable, so that no one loses face,’ says Grice of ACAS. ‘Packaging is half the battle. ‘ How to cite An Effective Strategy Negotiation, Essay examples

Xerox Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Xerox Argumentative Essay COUNTRY ISSUESCulture, Social, and Demographics:When examining any company and their possible expansion into new markets you must first examine the culture, social, and demographic issues impacting foreign businesses. The Colombian culture has begun to show a bias towards American products as recently as 1998. As written in Carol Caspers New York Times article, There is a lot of interest in U.S. concepts and products; in not only Colombia but also all of Latin America. The interest has caused more American firms to begin to see these developing attitudes and expand their businesses into Latin America. For Xerox to also take part in this expansion they would be able to take advantage of the new interest. Colombians, although, are not welcoming these companies with open arms. There is an interest in the U.S. businesses but as Dianna Jean Schemo reports; it is not uncommon to be threatened by the cartels of Colombia. These cartels want in on the inflow of money and will get involved in kidnappings and murderer if they see it necessary. In 1996, the last year these figures are available, the Federal Bureau of Investigation reported 19,645 homicides while in Colombia there were 26,627. For the fear of being on the wrong end of such instances American businesses need to be extra careful when trying to penetrate the Colombian marketplace. Xerox would not be as impacted by the threat of cartel interference. The cartels become more involved with restaurants and oil companies that have developed in Colombia. They have not developed any interest in the technology industry as of yet. We will write a custom essay on Xerox Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Colombia has a population of 37 million Spanish-speaking people. The annual growth rate is 1.7% and 95% of the population is Roman Catholic. In the urban areas a 93% literacy rate was found, as opposed to a 67% literacy rate in rural areas. This is due to the fact that only five years of primary school are offered in rural areas. This information regarding the population is encouraging. Although the rural populations literacy rate is low, the urban rate is quite high for a Latin American country. This rate leads me to believe that for Xerox to expand in this market with its technology/communication equipment would not be a problem. The majority of the targeted population where Xerox would be selling their products could understand the benefits of their product and would want to purchase Xerox products. Political/Governmental Concerns:Colombia has both political and economic stability that is uncommon to Latin American countries. Colombia also enjoys low inflation as compared to other South American countries. The government of Colombia is a unitary republic, made up of an executive branch, National Congress, and Constitutional Court. The government creates economic and social development plans annually. The executive branch of the government is responsible for forming the plans in detail. There is a trade barrier that must be registered with Incomex (official foreign trade institution). Payments of invisible imports such as acquisition of technology must be paid to them. The interaction of the government with economic and social issues will help Xerox to expand into this country. By Colombia having an Americanized government system in place that has become stable, it will greatly help foreign countries to become interested and to invest in this nation. Colombia tries to also maintain and encourage foreign investment. The regulatory climate consists of National Planning Department, Central Bank, Ministry of Mines and Energy, Banking Superintendency, and Securities Superintendency. Foreign investment is permitted in all economic activities except those related to defenses or national security, and dangerous refuse. This lack of restrictions enables Xerox to freely move in and establish itself in Colombia. .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc , .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc .postImageUrl , .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc , .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc:hover , .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc:visited , .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc:active { border:0!important; } .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc:active , .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u34e0c7e7a6940694a82e8cdfcc0584bc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Black Holes As Future Power Plants EssayRestrictions on goods imported to Colombia are minimal. The process involves preparing a pro forma invoice, effecting an import registration at Incomex, shipping the goods with a final invoice, clearing customs, and remittance of payment on the currency of the exporter or in U.S. dollars through an authorized exchange intermediary. Again the lack of restrictions would allow Xerox to enter the Colombian market with few barriers. Macroeconomic issues :In Colombia there are macroeconomic conditions that could impact Xerox and our decision to expand to the country. Since 1995 Colombias GDP growth percent has plummeted. In 1995 it was 5.7 , down to 2.1 in 1996 and in 1997 it fell further to 2.0. This trend is quite alarming for not only Xerox but also other countries that wish to expand their market to Colombia. Colombia also has an unemployment, which has steadily risen since 1995. The unemployment rate was 9.5% in 1995 then 11.3% in 1996 and finally 12.2% in 1997. This happened while the labor force rose in these years by 366,000. This will help us to be able to find workers but whether or not they are capable employees in the technology industry is yet to be seen. If the employment has occurred in the agriculture rather then in the urban area there is a better chance that the unemployed could be illiterate. Advertising is also an interesting subject. At least 50% of programmed advertising broad cast on television must have local content. It is also required to have use of a Colombian trademark in order to exercise trademark protection in Colombia. These policies seem antiquated as compared to those of the United States and should definitely be addressed. As a company Xerox must determine whether they can get a Colombian trademark first and then whether they can advertise while involving local content. Advertising is a key part of our success in Colombia so these factors are of key importance. Exchange Rates:The Colombian Peso has remained relatively stable in the past few years. This historic stability has been highlighted recently by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar as compared to the Colombian Peso. At the end of March 1998 the period principal exchange rate was 1,358.03 Colombian Pesos equal $1. This number has consistently been increasing since early 1997. This is appealing for us as a potential investor. With our U.S. dollars we can get more Colombian Pesos for our money. From past data it only seems that this trend will only continue so investment with regards to exchange rate issues is promising. FIRM ; INDUSTRY ISSUESFirms Current Financial Condition :As Xerox we have developed from the Copier Company; to the Document Company;. This conversion has taken us into newer and expanded markets. At year-end of 1998 our revenue was $19.4 billion. Of this revenue the United States accounted for $10.1 billion, Europe and other countries accounted for $5.8 billion and Latin America and Canada accounted for $3.5 billion. These numbers show the international interest that Xerox has pursued recently. In this pursuit, however, Xerox has maintained its strategic intent in being the leader in the global document market, and providing document solutions that enhance our customers business productivity. We plan on doing this by providing global document solutions that bring together our leading-edge technology, the widest array of digital hardware in the industry, sophisticated software, services, teams of industry-focused sales representatives and consultants, and a growing network of indirec t sales channels. Demand conditions:Current Competitors in the Industry:Production Costs for the Industry:Tariffs and Trade Restrictions specific to the Industry :Xerox is forced to deal with Colombias trade restrictions if we want to expand to this country. Colombia imposes a 7% tax on products other than foods and basic medications, along with a tax on income unless it stays in Colombia. The blunt of Colombian restrictions on imports, however, lies on the agricultural end. Due to this Xerox after registering with the government can receive relatively little resistance from the Colombian government to invest in the country.

Unlike No Other

Unlike No Other Unlike No Other Unlike No Other By Maeve Maddox I heard a radio announcer say that something was â€Å"unlike no other.† I could tell from the context that he meant the thing he was talking about was unique. As I usually do when I read or hear nonstandard usage in a professional context, I jumped on my search engine to see if anyone else was using it. What I found suggests that many speakers use â€Å"unlike no other† as if it did mean â€Å"one of a kind.† Relationship problem unlike no other? (about a boy who feels his romantic situation is unique) Urban Novel Unlike no Other (reviewer recommending a novel) Trees unlike no other (description of unusual trees) A community unlike no other! (a group of gamers) A show unlike no other (ad for an entertainment program) The expression â€Å"unlike no other† doesn’t mean â€Å"one of a kind.† On the contrary, it means â€Å"like all others.† The prefix un: â€Å"I am not unhappy.† is equivalent to â€Å"I am happy.† Note: A discussion of the two negatives equal a positive rule in English calls for a post of its own. This one focuses on why the expression unlike no other should be avoided. Like means â€Å"having the same characteristics as something else.† Adding the prefix un- to like creates an adjective that means â€Å"dissimilar.† Technically, to say that something is â€Å"unlike no other,† is to say that it is like everything else. To express the thought that something is â€Å"unique† or â€Å"one of a kind,† drop the un- and say that the thing is â€Å"like no other.† For example, Grab a cup of cider and head to Red Arrow Park in beautiful Milwaukee, Wisconsin for a fun, low-key New Years Eve like no other. A Race Like No Other: 26.2 Miles Through the Streets of New York (book title) Another way to express the thought is to use the phrase â€Å"not like any other.† They proof their dough for 24 hours which allows it to rise and ferment to a flavor not like any other bread available in Brooklyn This is truly a movie not like any other. Apparently the wording â€Å"unlike no other† sounds pleasing to the ears of many speakers, but it is not standard English. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureBest Websites to Learn EnglishEach vs. Both

How to Afford Private School Tuition

How to Afford Private School Tuition Private school can be expensive, and paying those hefty tuition bills can be a burden for families from all income levels. The average national cost of non-sectarian private schools is approximately $17,000 a year, and the yearly tuition at schools in urban areas such as New York, Boston, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C. can be more than $40,000 for just a day school program. Boarding schools are even more expensive. But, that doesnt mean a private school education is out of the question for your family. While you may think that there is little financial aid for private schools, and yes it can be competitive to get financial aid, there are several sources of funding that you may not have thought of. Here are some ways in which you can find financial assistance to pay for private school: Talk to the financial aid officer at your school. The financial aid officer at your school may know about merit and need-based scholarships that your child may be eligible for; sometimes these are not widely promoted. Several private schools offer free tuition for parents earning less than about $75,000 a year. As many as 20% of private school students receive some form of need-based financial aid, and this figure is as high as about 35% at schools with large endowments. Keep in mind that schools with large endowments and longer histories can generally offer larger amounts of aid, but inquire about programs even at schools that are less established. Check out scholarships. There are many scholarships and  even voucher programs  available for students at private schools. The school youre applying to or attending may even have scholarship programs for students; be sure to ask the admission office or financial aid office to find out if youre eligible and how to apply.  There are also regional scholarship programs that can assist with finding scholarships. Some notable programs include A Better Chance, which provides opportunities for students of color to attend boarding and day college-prep schools around the country. Research free or low-tuition  private schools. Private school for free? ​Believe it or not, schools that offer zero tuition  do exist.  There are completely tuition-free private and parochial schools across the country. Check out this list of free private schools. You can also research schools with low tuition rates; with a financial aid package, if you qualify, you could find yourself with an opportunity to attend a private school for little to no money.   Don’t forget to ask about sibling discounts. Many schools will offer discounts if you already have a child at the school, or if a family member has attended previously (often referred to as a legacy student). In addition, some private school financial aid officers will reduce the tuition for families paying college tuition at the same time that they are paying private school tuition. Ask if the school youre applying to offers these kinds of discounts! Take advantage of employee discounts. This may sound odd, but its true. Many private schools offer full time employees free tuition or tuition discounts. If you know you want to send your child to private school and your skill set aligns to an opening at a school you like, apply for a job. Be sure to look at requirements for the tuition discounts, as some schools require that employees work at the school for a certain number of years before they are eligible. If youre already a parent at the school, you can still apply. But youll likely have to go through the same formal job application process as all the other candidates. Dont worry, if you dont get the job, your child can still attend.   Spread out payments with tuition payment plans. Many schools will allow you to spread out your yearly tuition in installments. They may charge a flat fee or interest for this service, so be sure to read the fine print and determine if this is right for you. There are also many institutions that manage tuition payments at private schools across the country. Take advantage of pre-payment incentives. Many schools will offer parents a discount for paying in full by a certain amount. If you have a rewards program credit card, this can be a great way to earn some perks. You can use tax-free Coverdell savings accounts. Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, which allow you to save up to $2,000 a year per beneficiary in tax-free accounts, can be used for tuition at private schools. The distributions from these accounts will not be taxed if the amount in the account is less than the beneficiary’s educational expenses at an eligible institution. Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski  - stacyjago

California Should Have Stricter Divorce Laws Essay

California Should Have Stricter Divorce Laws - Essay Example This skyrocketing number of divorces has resulted in greater numbers of children being separated from one of their parents and cast into an uncertain future. More importantly, California has made divorce such an easy process that it now suffers from a culture of divorce that is void of personal commitment, places career and finance ahead of relationships, and needs to be reformed to make divorces in California a more deliberate process. A major breakdown in marriage that is caused by easy divorce is the breakdown in the trust and commitment that a couple needs to exist as equal partners. This breakdown begins way before a problem in the marriage surfaces. The easy dissolution of a marriage dilutes the traditional marriage vows and leaves them as little more than a casual agreement. When both spouses live with the anxiety created by the knowledge that the marriage can end at any time, and for no good reason, couples are less likely to invest in their relationship. They may be more reluctant to invest in property or children. A difficult, and more thoughtful approach, to divorce could help restore the belief necessary to remove the uneasiness of living with the thought that your spouse is in no way contractually bound to the you. I think it would also be a significant sign to the children that commitment, promises, and sacred vows have a purpose. It is generally held true that children suffer the most in a divorce. Initially they are impacted by the separation from one of their parents and a confused notion that it may have been their fault. Divorced couples that I have known have greater financial problems that directly impact the children. These parents sharing custody, or with single custody, find less time to involve themselves in the child's life. The child may participate in fewer outside the home activities and have less connection with their social environment. I don't believe that remarriage and step-parenting can ever replace the bond of the biological parents in the minds of the children. These difficulties will follow the child through their life and result in alienation and very little faith in the institution of marriage. While children are taught that commitment has less value in a relationship than the convenience of easy separation, the easy divorce laws reinforce the idea in the minds of adults. Making a career choice or a wish to make a geographical move may break up a marriage. If personal fulfillment outweighs the trust that the partner has invested in the relationship, the jilted spouse will be left with the haunting fear of intimacy. They have come into the institution of marriage with uncertainty and leave it with the certainty of mistrust and betrayal. I think that these issues could be addressed by making the laws on divorce stricter in its requirements that lead into the legal finalities. I think stricter laws on divorce would help insure that the intent of marriage is not at the mercy of whimsical personal preferences. Often, these career or personal preferences are a short-term divergence outside the relationship. They may offer a future that appears to be rosier than it will eventually be. Thoughts of infidelity may wane with time, counseling, or reexamination. However, a quick and easy divorce eliminates any possibility of

Reform Laws and Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reform Laws and Divorce - Essay Example This paper shall argue on the causes of divorce, while pointing out to the reasons for reform laws on marriages and divorce in the process. A marriage is a standard union between two individuals that are committed to one another and they are to live for each other with the two parties developing common interest, which are economically related in some cases. In marriage, the husband and wife are expected to have a lifetime bond and the strength of this bond all depends on how they could effectively manage their relationship and it is the mismanagement of relationships that ultimately lead to divorce. It is a known fact that most of the divorce cases are filed by women and this is due to the fact that the society has made women to play second fiddle in relationships and when they feel they are no longer enjoying the relationship, they sue for divorce. According to the American Law and Economics Review, more than two-thirds of divorce cases in the United States are filed by women (Brini g & Douglas 126, Khun & John 31) A marriage would surely stand on a proper economic foundation and if the necessary things are not done, the foundation on which the marriage was built would collapse. This is to say that a marriage that the husband or the man of the house cannot meet up with the responsibility in the house in terms of matching his income with the finances at home would begin to crumble. A relationship that is marred by lack of finances or proper management of finance cannot stand and the marriage would ultimately fail. In this case, there needs to be some reform laws on the union of two people as it must be clearly stated that people that are not financially capable to start a family should not even make any attempt to get married in the first place. If this is done, divorce cases that arise as a result of the inability of the husband to cater for the financial needs of the family would never arise (Brinig & Douglas 127). There are several divorce situations that the bride accuses her husband of not being financially capable enough to cater for the family and then sues for divorce and after the hearing of the divorce, the two married parties are legally separated with the husband paying some sum of money for the upkeep of his ex-wife and if they have any issue between them, he is also responsible for the upkeep of the children. Thus, if there have been reform laws that have mandated the wife to ensure that she wants to get married to someone that would take care of the finances of herself and the issue that comes after the marriage, these cases of divorce would be to the barest minimum. Parents hold the responsibility of catering for their children and when this obligation is not fulfilled there could be some cracks in the walls in the family system and this could be the effect of an improperly planned marriage system. Divorce follows an improperly managed marriage, thus there should be some reforms law that seeks to monitor the management of m arriages and this would go a long way to teach the couples the consequences of mismanaging their homes. Some of the reasons women sue for divorce is due to the financial and economical incentives they stand to gain from the dissolution of their marriage and the fact that it is the women that gain more from

Jake Barnes as Hemingway Code Hero in The Sun Also Rises Essays

Jake Barnes as Hemingway Code Hero in The Sun Also Rises      Ã‚  Ã‚   The portrayal of heroism is an essential aspect of literature, and every writer delineates his heroes through their ability to triumph over adversity. Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) consistently defined and distinguished his heroes through an echoing set of characteristics that form a characteristic "Hemingway Code Hero." A Code Hero is one that distinguishes himself by his ability to demonstrate grace under pressure, to adhere to a strong set of personal values and, most importantly, to live life to the fullest. In Hemingway's first novel, The Sun Also Rises (1926), the protagonist Jakes Barnes serves as a controversial example of a Code Hero. Jake fits into the category of a Hemingway Code Hero because he embodies the most significant characteristics of a quintessential Code Hero: he demonstrates his manhood through the ability to endure pain with dignity, he imposes order upon his chaotic world through personal values, and he attempts to enjoy the simple pleasures of life to add meaning to his existence.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hemingway characterized the Code Hero as "a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage, and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often stressful, and always painful" (Dwiggins). The most essential characteristic of a Code Hero is the capacity to exemplify grace under pressure, and Hemingway continually placed his characters into unfortunate, and often tragic, situations to test their ability to survive. Hemingway's primary focus was therefore on the strained individual and his response to adversity. ... ... code, and to embrace every opportunity to its full potential are the vital characteristics that typify a Code Hero. Jake Barnes in The Sun Also Rises relentlessly strives to set the societal standard through his stoicism, morality, and action; therefore, his exemplification of these qualities characterizes him as a true Hemingway Code Hero.    Works Cited    Dahiya, Dr. Bhim S. The Hero in Hemingway. New Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1978.    Dwiggins, Mary. "Characteristics of Hemingway's Code Hero." 22 Jan. 2001. Millikin University. 5 Jul. 2003. <http://faculty.millikin.edu/~mdwiggins/code_hero.htm>.    Gurko, Leo. Ernest Hemingway and the Pursuit of Heroism. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1968.    Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1926.   

Economics for Business Essay

When we speak about the UK market of postal services, its image is indispensably connected with the notion of monopoly. For more than 350 years the UK postal market has been dominated by the Royal Mail. However, since 2006 the market has been open to competitors, and the postal services’ market players strove for possessing equal business opportunities. It is essential to review the current trends in the postal services market within the UK through the prism of monopoly, competition, and their benefits/ effects for the consumer and the overall efficiency/ quality of postal services in the country. Monopoly Royal Mail in the UK has for long been referred to as â€Å"privileged and increasingly unusual position of being a state-owned company protected from the market place† (Crew & Kleindorfer 2007, p. 7). As a result, Royal Mail has become one of the brightest representatives of what monopoly is within the British economy as a whole. It is essential to understand that when we speak about the state of postal services in the UK market, it cannot be described other than monopolistic before the year 2006. Moreover, even in the light of the improving communication strategies, Royal Mail was not losing its position, and was even strengthening it: â€Å"we are still dependent on the efficient, speedy delivery of bills and payments to our homes and businesses in exchange for the price of a stamp† (Starkey 2006, p. 71). Despite the primarily negative attitudes towards the monopolistic position of Royal Mail, monopoly is an objective market notion, and as any other market structure, it possesses its benefits and its disadvantages. In order to arrive to relevant conclusions, we have to consider both. One of the major advantages of monopoly, and particularly in the postal services, is exercising the principles of the economy of scale: in smaller postal enterprises this task may become impossible to fulfill. Moreover, having more available free resources, monopolies are frequently viewed as being closer to innovation than any other smaller enterprises within the postal services sector. However, this assumption is rather argumentative, and economic professionals tended to evaluate Royal Mail’s position within the postal services market as â€Å"negatively monopolistic† (AICES 2006, p. 8). This simply meant that Royal Mail was not striving towards exercising its free resources to bring innovation into postal services sector; as a result, competition was viewed as the only resolution for that difficult economic situation. This is a well-known conflict, when one tries to assess the opportunities and drawbacks of the monopolistic market structure: while monopoly generates significant profits which could potentially be directed at innovations, it simultaneously lacks any incentives to make these innovations real. This conflict has become the major reason for opening the market of UK postal services to competition. It is even more interesting to bear in mind that competition is not always the best solution to all economic problems of monopoly, and the responses to opening the postal market in the UK are still dubious and extremely various. â€Å"Much of nonsense is due to the liberalization of postal services. Here commercial firms bid for, and take, the lucrative part, the business mail. We all know what happens then. My own bank envelopes come with a commercial firm’s logo; the various branches email the details to a central department, where statements are prepared, one truck takes it all away and they only have to deliver to main postcode areas. (Clark 2007) The monopolistic structure of the UK market was not connected with any type of competition: the market was dominated by Royal Mail, and this VAT exempt company served the only postal services provider in the country. With the Government being the major Royal Mail’s shareholder, it was understandable why this provider possessed multiple economic benefits and did not strive to improve the quality of its services (Sloman 2004, p. 45). For us to understand all implications of the UK postal services’ liberalization, we come to the description and evaluation of the current situation within the UK postal market sector. The new market structure of postal services in the UK It is very important to understand how the postal services’ market in the UK looks at present. It should be noted that Royal Mail currently faces the competition from other 17 postal companies, and this market structure seems to create favorable conditions for effective competition. The largest portion of mail within this market goes from businesses to consumers (Starkey 2006, p. 72). â€Å"Several companies have signed â€Å"access† agreements with Royal Mail, allowing mail they have collected and sorted to be fed into Royal Mail’s network for final delivery. Royal Mail made 2. 4 billion access deliveries in 2006-07†³ (Starkey 2006, p. 72). Even with the 17 new postal companies becoming competitive to Royal Mail, the latter still provides 99% of all postal deliveries within the UK. â€Å"We can’t make the companies take advantages. We can just set the rules and put in a licensing regime, but Royal Mil will always be the major service provider† (Simpkins 2005). Other alternative postal service providers are currently capable of providing any types of postal services, with the exception of non-bulk items’ delivery, less than 100g in weight (Crew & Kleindorfer 2007, p. 8). Thus, is it possible to suggest that the postal services market in the UK has become as open as many had expected it to be? Of course, it is possible that the full effects of opening the UK postal services market are not yet perceived by the customers and businesses. However, it is also probable that there still exist significant barriers to competition within the postal market. â€Å"Postcomm is concerned that the competition so far has been too limited, and that this has allowed Royal Mail to get away with providing customers with a poor quality service† (Crew & Klenidorfer 2007, p. 9). Before 2006 the mail market of the UK was stated to lack competition, but possessing a considerable potential for growth; as a result many viewed competition and market openness as the best resolution to multiple issues postal monopoly in the UK traditionally rose (Falkenhall & Kolmodin 2005, p. 10). The opposition of Royal Mail to opening the market was natural and understandable: the company viewed this step as the direct pathway towards reduction of the profit margins, but the situation could not remain unchanged due to contemporary economic requirements towards competition. The efficiency of postal services after opening the market will gradually change. This process will be slow due to multiple barriers created on the way of potential Royal Mail competitors. However, some of the following results can be expected within the long-term period, and after numerous postal companies acquire fair access to different niches of the postal services’ market. First, the emergence of new services will increase the overall efficiency of the postal services in the UK. It is already evident that being surrounded by multiple competitors that strive for conquering and expanding their market share, even Royal Mail had to introduce a three-year plan of renewal: â€Å"changes have included the introduction of Single Day Delivery, reviews of its mail centers and transport and a significant number of redundancies† (Starkey 2006, p. 74). Second, the competition further increases efficiency by providing foreign market players with the opportunity to enter the market of postal services; as a result the efficiency of postal services at the international level also increases, which is especially important for businesses. Royal Mail was once blamed for being underdeveloped in terms of mechanizing its services, and making them more efficient (Falkenhall & Kolmodin 2005, p. 14). The current market processes in the UK postal services structure urge companies to reduce their workforce and to implement effective IT solutions for better services provision. Although, this does not mean that creating competition in the area of postal services inevitably leads to unemployment. With the creation and expansion of private postal operators, the amount of required qualified workforce increases, and we can state that competition only contributes into changing the balance of workforce between the operators. Competition is the best tool of increasing profitability and efficiency of national postal operators (Crew & Kleindorfer 2007, p. 44). One may suggest that the discussed changes in the market were long anticipated, and the fact of legal uncertainty and Royal Mail’s monopoly seriously hindered the process of investing into postal services by private operators. What one can expect now is the growing efficiency of the postal services along with the increase price control and the constant process of quality improvement in the structure of postal services in the UK. It should be noted, that the discussed improvements will and could occur in the ideal economic situation, when the openness of the market means providing real fair opportunities for competitors. However, the reality of the situation is different: â€Å"full competition in the UK postal market is blocked by two very fundamental issues: Royal Mail’s unique VAT exemption and the focus on downstream access† (Starkey 2006, p. 4). Private players of the postal market cannot access fair business opportunities and increase their efficiency against the zonal pricing introduced by Royal Mail not long before opening the market. Royal Mail has an access to changing its prices without being reviewed by Postcomm (Clark 2007). As a result, we face the challenge of competition vs. the realities of destabilization in the UK market of postal services. We cannot objectively state that the competition was introduced to increase efficiency, when Royal Mail creates unfavorable conditions for the rival operators (Starkey 2006, p. 5). While the efficiency of postal services changes very slowly, it is more than evident that the customers have already benefited from making the market of postal services competitive. First of all, private operators have changed the emphasis of their services from being business-oriented to being customer-oriented. As a result, â€Å"new entrants are building their products around their customers’ needs rather than asking their customers to fit in around their businesses† (Starkey 2006, p. 75). For example, numerous private customers have already perceived the benefits of later collection times (AICES 2006, p. 11). It is anticipated that private market players will keep expanding the range of postal services in case no barriers are created against these initiatives. The impact of competitive postal services on the customer is better to be viewed through the prism of Royal Mail achievements. The company has been the leading postal provider for almost 400 years, and its changing position and market attitudes can display the tendencies of economic development as a result of market openness. The major changes have taken place in company’s attitudes towards their customers: â€Å"although there is still some way to go to embed a culture of commercial customer focus throughout the organization, there is no doubt that Royal Mail has turned the corner† (AICES 2006, p. 18). Customers have acquired additional power in maintaining effective relations with the postal service: Royal Mail services turn towards being more attentive to their customers. They have displayed new abilities to listen to the customer, and to change in accordance with the customer’s requirements. Competition appears to be the matter of choice for the customer; consequentially, companies in the postal services sector have more incentives to pursue customer value through innovation and better customer satisfaction. The current situation in the UK market of postal services is still much confused and contradicting. On the one hand, we have the evidence of customers being completely satisfied with postal services being competitive. On the other hand, we cannot agree to the fact that the efficiency of postal services has increased even through the prism of growing profitability of some postal services. Certainly, the postal services have reached the stage at which costs are more comparable to the prices of postal services: the elimination of monopoly has opened the gateways to being more reasonable and more objective in setting the price for postal services. Simultaneously, it is difficult to disagree to the fact that Royal Mail still occupies 96% of the UK market (Starkey 2006, p. 6). The essence of competition is not in attracting rivals, but rather providing consumers with choice. In this situation efficiency of postal services is replaced by more important customer preferences. Monopoly is a â€Å"big, big issue, and it is a test of our society as to whether we are to organize everything to make a profit† (Benn 2007). Royal Mail is the embodiment of the economic paradox in the area of postal services in the UK. This paradox lies in connection with economies of scale. While with the large delivery volumes Royal Mail’s unit costs are low, but with Royal Mail being monopolistic the company can hardly be called efficient. Thus, with the price of Royal Mail’s services being extremely competitive and sometimes too low, it is simultaneously inefficient (Falkenhall & Kolmodin 2005, p. 29). Competition thus appears more beneficial for the customers, than for the companies in the postal services’ niche. It is essential that other private players can have access to similar scale benefits even if they cannot compete to the well-branched delivery network of Royal Mail. The efficiency of Royal Mail’s rivals cannot be increased until the issue of VAT exemption is resolved. â€Å"The VAT regime for post in the UK is a particularly pernicious barrier. Most people here will be aware that although Royal Mail is VAT exempt, its competitors are not, which causes pricing distortions especially for those customers that are also VAT exempt† (Starkey 2006, p. 76). Simultaneously, there is another serious concern about the rival companies’ behavior on the market. Some specialists fear that what takes place in Royal Mail is subsidizing lighter items with heavier mail, subsidizing social users for the account of business users, etc (Crew & Kleindorfer 2007, p. 51). In this situation competitive postal companies will strive for taking the most lucrative market niches, leaving Royal Mail without income from the most profitable services. However, this is where VAT exemption can serve for the benefit of the company: due to the lower prices, it is hardly possible that open competition will jeopardize the universal service and Royal Mail in general. In this situation one may possible predict the instability of the postal services market in the short-term period, and instability of the market structure is no better than previously existing monopoly. The UK postal services have appeared in the extremely essential stage of reconstruction – introducing competition cannot go smoothly for all market players. It should be noted that the issues of elimination or threat to the universal service are easily neutralized, and universal services can in no way be compromised by introducing competition. Any objective analysis shows that consumers, as well as businesses, have benefited from market opening through higher quality. In addition, prices have been substantially reduced for business customers while households have been protected from price increases† (Sloman 2004, p. 97). Yet, our objective analysis shows that competition in the UK postal services is in its initial stage. We have proved that customers evidently benefit from making the post market competitive, but the economic efficiency of the postal services is still to be achieved and increased. Conclusion We have come to conclusion that the effects of competition in the UK market of postal services are primarily viewed within the area of consumer satisfaction. The overall economic efficiency of postal services still leaves much to be desired. However, introduction of competition is the solid basis for providing consumers with choice, and expanding the market structure of postal services in the country. Certainly, monopoly possesses its advantages, but competition is the best perspective for both the new private players and Royal Mail in creating incentives for development and improvement.

Introduction to the Structure of U.S. Government

For all that it is and does, the United States federal government is based on a very simple system: Three functional branches with powers separated and limited by constitutionally declared checks and balances. The executive, legislative and judicial branches represent the constitutional framework envisioned by the Founding Fathers for our nations government. Together, they function to provide a system of lawmaking and enforcement based on checks and balances, and separation of powers intended to ensure that no individual or body of government ever becomes too powerful. For example: Congress (legislative branch) can pass laws, but the president (executive branch) can veto them.Congress can override the presidents veto.The Supreme Court (judicial branch) can declare a law approved by Congress and the president unconstitutional.The president can appoint judges to the Supreme Court, but Congress must approve them. Is the system perfect? Are powers ever abused? Of course, but as governments go, ours has been working quite well since Sept. 17, 1787. As Alexander Hamilton and James Madison remind us in Federalist 51, If men were angels, no government would be necessary. Recognizing the inherent moral paradox posed by a society in which mere mortals govern other mere mortals, Hamilton and Madison went on to write, In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place The Executive Branch The executive branch of the federal government ensures that the laws of the United States are obeyed. In carrying out this duty, the President of the United States is assisted by the Vice President, department heads – called Cabinet Secretaries – and the heads of the several independent agencies.   The executive branch consists of the president, the vice president and 15 Cabinet-level executive departments. The President The President of the United States is the elected leader of the country. As the head of state, the president is the leader of the federal government, and Commander in Chief of the United States Armed Forces. Elected according to the Electoral College process, the president serves a four-year term and is limited to serving no more than two terms. The Vice President The Vice President of the United States supports and advises the president. Under the process of presidential succession, the vice president becomes president if the president becomes unable to serve. The vice president can be elected and serve an unlimited number of four-year terms, even under multiple presidents. The Cabinet The members of the president’s cabinet serve as advisors to the president. The cabinet members include the vice president, heads or â€Å"secretaries† of the executive departments, and other high-ranking government officials. The heads of the executive departments are nominated by the president and must be confirmed by a simple majority vote of the Senate. Legislative Powers of the PresidentRequirements to Serve as PresidentPresidents Pay and Compensation The Legislative Branch The legislative branch, composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, has the sole constitutional authority to enact laws, declare war and conduct special investigations. In addition, the Senate has the right to confirm or reject many presidential appointments.   The Senate There are a total of 100 elected Senators—two from each of the 50 states. Senators may serve an unlimited number of six-year terms. The House of Representatives ï » ¿There are currently 435 elected Representatives, according to the constitutional process of apportionment, the 435 Representatives are divided among the 50 states in proportion to their total population as reported by the most recent decennial U.S. Census. In addition, there are non-voting delegates who represent the District of Columbia and the territories in the House of Representatives. Representatives may serve an unlimited number of two-year terms. The Powers of CongressRequirements to be a U.S. RepresentativeRequirements to be a U.S. SenatorSalaries and Benefits of U.S. Congress MembersHow Bills Become LawsWhy We Have a House and SenateThe Great Compromise: How Congress was Created The Judicial Branch Composed of federal judges and courts, the judicial branch interprets the laws enacted by Congress and when required, decides actual cases in which someone has been harmed. Federal judges, including Supreme Court justices, are not elected. Instead, they are appointed by the president and must be confirmed by the Senate. Once confirmed, federal judges serve for life unless they resign, die, or are impeached. The U.S. Supreme Court sits atop the judicial branch and federal court hierarchy and has the final say on all cases appealed to it by the lower courts. There are currently nine members of the Supreme Court—a Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. A quorum of six Justices is required to decide a case. In the event of tie vote by an even number of Justices, the decision of the lower court stands.   The 13 U.S. District Courts of Appeals sit just below the Supreme Court and hear cases appealed to them by the 94 regional U.S. District Courts which handle most federal cases.