St. Pauls Cathedral in London - 1284 Words

St. Pauls Cathedral in London is the seat of the Bishop of London and a major London landmark. It is located on Ludgate Hill in the financial district known as the City of London. The present St. Pauls Cathedral, which was built between 1675 and 1710, is the fourth cathedral to occupy the site, which was sacred even before Christianity arrived. The cathedrals immediate predecessor was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666. The cathedral enjoyed by visitors today was designed by court architect Sir Christopher Wren. Wrens original, grander plan met with considerable resistance from the conservative Dean and Chapter. The present building reflects a compromise, but still reflects the grandeur of Wrens design. History†¦show more content†¦Michael and St. George is across from St. Dunstans on the right side (south aisle). This was originally the consistory court - the place where the bishop sat in judgment over the clergy, or priests. It was used as a studio for the construction of Wellingtons monument between 1858 and 1878. Crypt St. Pauls substantial cathedral crypt contains over 200 memorials as well as another chapel and the treasury. Members of the royal family are buried in Westminster Abbey, but many other notable figures are buried in St. Pauls Cathedral crypt, such as Florence Nightengale and Lord Nelson. Sir Christopher Wren, the architect of the cathedral, was fittingly the first person to be buried here, in 1723. The inscription on his burial slab states, Reader, if you seek his memorial, look all around you. Look for Wrens tomb all the way to the east end of the crypt, under the altar. Dome and Galleries The inside of the dome is decorated with frescos by Sir James Thornhill, the most important painter of Wrens time. The dome contains three circular galleries - the internal Whispering Gallery, the external Stone Gallery and the external Golden Gallery. The Whispering Gallery derives its name from its unusual acoustics, which cause whispers to echo around the dome. Choir The choir extends to the east end of the dome. It is home to the cathedrals great organ, which was ommissioned in 1694. The current instrument is the thirdShow MoreRelated St. Pauls Cathedral in London, England Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pages St. Paul’s Cathedral, in London, England, was designed by architect Sir Christopher Wren. Approval of this most significant architectural project took six years just for the plan. Construction, which began in 1675, took thirty-five years until finally complete in 1710. It was built to replace a church that had been leveled by the Great Fire of 1666. St. Pauls is the largest cathedral in England, and said to be Wrens masterpiece. He brought a range of new forms, and architectural combination intoRead MoreSt. Paul s Cathedral1104 Words   |  5 PagesSt. Paul’s Cathedral is an English Baroque styled cathedral dedicated to Paul of Apostle and the second cathedral to be built on the same site, first being Old St. Paul’s Cathedral which was also dedicated to Paul of Apostle. It is located in the City of London, England. The Fourth St. Paul’s, more commonly known as Old St. Paul’s Cathedral, was built by the Normans in 1087. The Normans, who in recent times had just conquered Britain, and were determined to build the largest Christian church inRead MoreDiscussing Christopher Wren s Cathedral1842 Words   |  8 PagesHUM 102-301 10/15/16 Research paper St. Paul Cathedral Introduction: This semester my paper will be discussing Christopher Wren’s building â€Å"St. Paul’s Cathedral†, and why St. Paul’s Cathedral is considered to be the most important and famous masterpiece of England’s architecture? The St. Paul Cathedral of Sir Christopher Wren was chosen because it is famously interpreted in the baroque style in England, and dominated English architecture. St. Paul’s cathedral is one of the most famous importantRead MoreEssay about Christopher Wren’s Designs for St. Paul’s Cathedral1735 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyse the evolution of Christopher Wren’s designs for St. Paul’s Cathedral. From as early as before the Great Fire of London, Christopher Wren was involved in architectural projects for St. Paul’s cathedral. The evolution of his designs for the new St Paul’s began with his ideas for the old; the evolution of his designs were a process of both creation and reinvention. Starting with the vision he never lost - of the London skyline marked by a grand dome landmark - he endured the problems of buildingRead MoreSt. Pauls Cathedral: Sir Christopher Wren Essay1802 Words   |  8 PagesSt. Pauls Cathedral St. Pauls Cathedral has had a very interesting and long history. It involves natural disasters, sabotage, invasions, lies, and deception. It has been through a lot over the many years of its existence, including several reconstructions. While there has been many changes to it, the one thing that could be counted on was the fact that there was always something unexpected happening to it. Even though St. Pauls Cathedral has had some hard times, it has re-bounded with theRead More The Blitz and St Pauls Cathedral Essay4122 Words   |  17 PagesBlitz and St Pauls Cathedral When the Blitz began over Britain in the fall of 1940, Londoners were frightened and unsure of what the Nazis had in store for them. However, their uneasy emotions would later change into feelings of nationalistic pride and perseverance, as London became a city full of active resistors to the Nazi forces. This change would be prompted from a variety of sources, including Winston Churchill, the media, as well as the emergence of inspirational symbols. St. Pauls CathedralRead MoreThe London Off Of A Global Movement896 Words   |  4 PagesOn October 15, 2011, Occupy London included almost three thousand people gathered outside of the St Paul’s Cathedral. This paper will address how the London off shoot of a global movement, Occupy London (OL), addressed social and economic inequality within England. It will also discuss how OL has tried to revolutionize the social and economic inequality. Then, the paper will address an overall evaluation of the movement as a whole. The paper w ill argue that Occupy London is a part of a successful movementRead MoreReflection Of English Literature : My Experience Of British Literature1031 Words   |  5 PagesI traveled to London in November of 2016. On that trip, everything I had learned about British literature, as well as England as a country, was placed into my life, outside of the classroom. I saw the Sutton Hoo Treasures in the British Museum, the burial place of Geoffrey Chaucer at Westminster Abbey, and stepped foot into St. Paul’s Cathedral where John Donne served as Dean. Although at first, I thought English IV was going to be another bland English course, on my trip to London I learned theRead MoreOccupy London Stock Exchange and the European Convention on Human Rights1255 Words   |  6 PagesOn the 15th and 16th day of October 2011, some protestors, led by Tammy Samende and having George Barda and Daniel Ashman, among others, pitched a protest camp in St Paul’s Churchyard. The protesters set up between 150 and 200 tents in the churchyard, with some tents serving as accommodation for the protestors. Other tents were allocated different activities including setting up temporary first aid centres, a learning centre, named Tent City University, and a children’s place. The tents occupiedRead MoreSt. Paul s Cathedral1757 Words   |  8 PagesLondon is a city that is steeped in rich history and has many cultural influences that have affected everything from the way that Londoners speak down to the architecture. One of the most influential buildings in this time is one that dominated the London skyline as a reference point for 300 years up until the 1960’s, and that is Wren’s St. Paul’s Cathedral. This building has been recorded to be in existence on its site as early as the 604, but it could have been around as early as the 400’s. St

The Italian Kingdom Of Sicily - 1363 Words

The year is 1375 and the setting is the Italian Kingdom of Sicily. The Medieval era is drawing to a close. In addition, I am literate and study the writings of great religious thinkers that influence the world today. The late Medieval period witnessed the rise of the religious movement which was lead by Thomas Aquinas who invented the Thomistic way of thought which was based around Medieval scholasticism. He revolutionized the catholic church beginning in 1245 when he moved to Paris and studied under Albertus the Great. I am a monk who studies in a monastery similar to one that Thomas Aquinas studied in his earlier years. I, like Aquinas, was originally a Benedictine monk who realized the wrongs associated with living an opulent lifestyle†¦show more content†¦His mindset was based around the fact that there is another dimension that contains the perfect form of everything. This mindset is very difficult to understand and â€Å"see† because it involves a lot of conceptualization which is hard to prove correct or incorrect (Journal Class 2). This is why I, like Thomas Aquinas try to see the world through a realistic lens created by Aristotle. Aristotle studied under Plato at his school but disagreed with his theory of forms when he said that â€Å"Knowledge is through sensory perceptions† (Thomas Aquinas Youtube). He believed that we know things because we experience them (Journal Class 3). This concept is much easier to understand and is typically a more practical view of the w orld around us. Thomas Aquinas build off of this idea when he said that â€Å"Grace perfects nature.† I have been studying the phrase by Thomas Aquinas that â€Å"Grace perfects nature† and have come to the conclusion that nature is the world around us that we feel and experience things like Aristotle said that we do and Grace is the power of God, which is all around us. The Thomistic way of thought claims that we can use our experiences in life to prove Gods existence. The laws of nature help to support God and the power that he provides (Tarnas: The Quest of Thomas Aquinas). Thomas Aquinas likes categories like Aristotle and divided our thoughts into two distinct categories, Preambles and Mysteries. Preambles are known by nature and past

An Effective Strategy Negotiation Free Essays

Crouching behind a tight cordon of panda cars, the weather-beaten SWAT team leader, complete with cap, bulletproof vest and loud-hailer, looks up to the third-floor window, clears his throat, and announces: ‘You might as well give yourself up, Kowalski, we’ve got the place surrounded. ‘ His craggy face is bathed in the soft amber glow of the street light and a small bead of sweat moves slowly down his temple. Kowalski, a wily old stager with deep pockmarks and a broken nose, is having none of it. We will write a custom essay sample on An Effective Strategy Negotiation or any similar topic only for you Order Now After all, he has the (rather attractive blonde) hostage securely tied up and there happens to be a fridge full of beer in the office he’s holed up in. So it’s a complete stalemate. Kowalski and his nemesis are simply going to have to start negotiating. In this case, negotiation is more likely to be resolved in a bloody shoot-out. In the workplace, of course, negotiations generally don’t tend to be conducted under such tense or dangerous circumstances. They do, however, take place on a daily, even hourly, basis. In fact, they have become such a regular and ingrained part of working life that participants can readily enter into them without even realising that’s what they’re doing. Before we proceed, it is probably worth defining our terms, or at least borrowing a definition from personnel consultant Alan Fowler’s book, Negotiating, Persuading and Influencing. Fowler explains that ‘negotiation occurs whenever there is an issue that cannot be resolved by one person acting alone; it occurs when the two (or more) people who have to be involved begin with different views on how to proceed, or have different aims for the outcome. There are two situations in which negotiation does not or cannot occur: when one of the persons immediately agrees to what the Other is asking or suggesting; and when one of the two adamantly refuses to even discuss the matter. ‘ You can see that the term covers a multitude of scenarios, from the widely reported collective pay-bargaining conducted by union officials and management representatives, to the more mundane business of negotiating a lease on a property or a supplier’s contract. Negotiation is also a key component in inter-office relationships, in instances where managers have no linear authority over a particular colleague but need to persuade them to perform a specific task. Here, the negotiation is a tacit IOU- you’ve done me a favour, so I’ll return it at a later date when you might need it. ‘Managers are doing it all the time,’ confirms Roger Moores, an associate of the Industrial Society, who runs courses in negotiation and associated skills. ‘I usually start my courses by asking how many of the people there are negotiators. Not many hands go up but, by the end of the session, they realise they do it all the time. We use the language of negotiation all the time too. It’s a language that even children understand, based on the words â€Å"if† and â€Å"then†. â€Å"If you do this for me, then I’ll do that. † In theory, it’s all wonderfully simple. ‘ Scores of self-help and how-to books have been written on the subject but the theorists by and large fall into two camps. There are experts, such as authors Fowler and Gavin Kennedy, who look at negotiation as a stage-by-stage process, comprising preparation, discussion, proposal, bargaining and finally closing. And then there’s the American model, epitomised by the seminal text, Getting to Yes by William Ury, which is more focused on personal relations within the workplace. As Moores rightly points out, the two approaches are by no means mutually exclusive. Though representative bodies such as the Institute of Personnel and Development and the Industrial Society offer dedicated courses on negotiation skills, the majority of managers in small to medium-sized businesses don’t have the time or inclination to attend them. A few common-sense pointers, however, go a long way. The first is to recognise when it is actually appropriate to negotiate. ‘If managers negotiated everything, there wouldn’t be time to do anything,’ reasons Moores. â€Å"There are occasions when orders and dictatorship are required too. ‘ If a matter or issue is definitely worth negotiating, the next step is toassess its merits and how much time you can afford to devote to it. According to all the various pundits, the key to successful negotiation is all in the preparation. They insist that skills and techniques are generally acquired through practice and experience, and that preparatory work and patience will generally stand you in better stead than the gift of the gab or an aggressive stance. There is no point walking into an important negotiation session hoping to wing it. ‘Some people are naturally better [at negotiating] than others,’ says Fowler. ‘It requires a certain amount of quick thinking and ability to respond quickly. You also need the confidence to be able to say â€Å"Look, you’ve raised something new. Can we adjourn this meeting and continue tomorrow, by which time I’ll have been able to gather my thoughts? † It’s important to know your own style and be comfortable with it. If you’re stepping too far outside of yourself, you can end up seeming artificial. ‘ Yet Chris Grice, an assistant director of ACAS, the conciliation and arbitration service which has dragged countless industrial relations negotiations back from the brink, believes negotiation skills are more about nurture than nature. ‘There’s a question as to whether negotiating is an art or a science,’ he says. You can be taught good negotiation, so I’d say it’s a science†¦ Being taught how to mix colours doesn’t make you an artist. You can learn about negotiation strategy, how to read a situation, when the tune is right to confront an issue and when to apply a variety of different processes. Preparation is an often neglected area. If you’re negotiating about pay, for example, you should be aware of the going rate, affordability and any other interested parties before you go in. You need to be able to anticipate the other party’s moves. ‘ While Grice admits that some of the negotiations he is called in to rbitrate are conducted in what he – with admirable understatement – describes as an ‘adversarial atmosphere’ (potentially explosive in other words), he reckons that overall he has witnessed as much civility as hostility. This, he believes, is because most of the participants at this level of negotiation tend to be astute practitioners, who realise that prickliness and emotional involvement will only hamper their efforts. ‘Some of the best negotiators are mild-mannered but persuasive people,’ says Grice. ‘They know exactly where they want to be and realise they can get there in a civilised manner. After all, you’ve got more in your toolbox than a hammer. ‘ One problem often leads to another. A manager may feel it necessary to cut overtime. The employees are unhappy and threaten industrial action but the manager should avoid the immediate reaction to sack the ringleader. By doing so, the manager would have two problems to cope with instead of one. It is important to keep one topic in focus at a time. An ‘easy does it’ ethos is especially important in small to medium-sized businesses, which rely on establishing and maintaining an ongoing network of reliable suppliers and subcontractors. If parties leave a negotiation feeling hard done by, the relationship is unlikely to be sustainable for any length of time. ‘The main point is to make the person you’re negotiating with think that they have achieved the best deal possible,’ says Frank Kings, managing director of Sovereign Contracts, a Midlands-based shop-fitting concern, whose clients include IBM, SmithKline Beecham and Warwick University. ‘I’m always looking for repeat business, so negotiation is as much about building a long-term relationship as striking the best deal at that particular moment. One should always try to take a longer-term view. ‘ Susan Croft, a trainer at the Aziz Corporation, which specialises in spoken-communication skills training for business, shares Kings’ views. Negotiations, she maintains, are not necessarily confrontational, just a necessary means of ensuring that two or more parties are satisfied with their lot. ‘In a â€Å"win-lose† situation, you may have won the battle but not the long-term war,’ Croft says. ‘You don’t want the person you’re negotiating with to be checking for their arms and legs on the way out. ‘ A degree of emotional detachment is a must. Losing your cool may mean losing the thread and the advantage. Concentration is also essential. The best negotiators are good listeners and observers too. By keeping your eyes and ears open, you can pick up valuable clues as to where the other side is prepared to compromise or where there are flaws in their argument, which you can exploit later. If you are so utterly determined to put across your own points, you may not hear what the other side is saying. Their position may have changed and your initial standpoint may no longer be relevant or valid. Similarly, the other party should not be given too many hints. It is worth keeping your cards close to your chest in a negotiation. Don’t give away more information than you have to. Release nuggets sporadically and tactically when you feel they will make the most impact. Be aware of your body language because you might be revealing more than you think through your movements and mannerisms. If you look hard enough and think laterally, there are usually ways and means of clinching a mutually beneficial deal through negotiation. Phil Jones, managing director of Real Time, the London-based interactive design studio, recalls two recent instances where new clients wanted to launch internet web sites but didn’t have the requisite budgets. They were the type of high-profile clients and creatively challenging projects that Real Time was keen to get involved in, however. ‘If it’s a job you really want to do, you can always find a way of doing it,’ maintains Jones. The first was for the Formula 1 motor-racing team, Williams Motorsport: ‘They made the balance up in contra deals, mainly in tickets to some of the major Formula 1 meetings. ‘ The tickets are like gold dust, of course, and can be used as a pat on the back for staff, or as an opportunity to pamper existing clients or woo new ones. Diesel, the Italian clothing manufacturer, which is quietly stealing a march on its rivals in the UK jeans market, approached Real Time towards the end of the financial year, when its promotional budget was running perilously low. Real Time managed to negotiate further projects the following year for completing the initial job an e-commerce site that allows ordering of clothes over the internet – at a cut-price rate. Every job is like that. You have to be flexible to get the business,’ says Jones. Indeed, he is currently negotiating a deal with the Football Association for an e-commerce web site dedicated to the UK bid for the 2006 World Cup. Real Time was responsible for the bid’s logo and original web site. ‘The FA have a limited budget to spend across a range of media, so I’m talking to them about perhaps receiving a percentage of what’s sold from the new site,’ he explains. ‘That’s really putting your money where your mouth is. ‘ Negotiation, then, is primarily about effective communication. Communicating what you want and what you have to offer, and then marrying that up with another party’s requirements. A bit of imagination, flexibility and a well-considered strategy can go along way to meeting these ends. It is also worth remembering that how you put it is often as important as what you’re actually saying. ‘You should always try to express things in ways the other parties find palatable, so that no one loses face,’ says Grice of ACAS. ‘Packaging is half the battle. ‘ How to cite An Effective Strategy Negotiation, Essay examples